UN-backed operations against rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo have failed, a leaked report says.
The document, seen by the BBC, says Rwandan-Hutu rebels continue to receive arms supplies and recruit fighters.
It says the UN, fighting alongside Congolese government troops, has failed to halt the illegal mineral trade and has inflamed the humanitarian crisis.
The report was written by a group of experts mandated by the UN to look into violations of an arms embargo.
The Security Council is due to discuss the findings later.
Jason Stearns, a DR Congo analyst, called them "astounding".
He told the BBC's Network Africa programme the group had concluded there was a "complete lack of transparency" in the mineral trade in DR Congo.
"This allows many actors to continue to buy tin and gold from areas controlled by rebel groups - thereby financing these rebels groups," he said.
"They have implicated some of the most important gold dealers in DR Congo, in Burundi and in Rwanda - these are very high level officials involved in this."
'Terminator' at large
The report states that the UN-backed military operation against Rwandan-Hutu rebels has failed to dismantle the organisation's political and military structure.
Instead, these rebels - some of whose leaders were involved in the Rwandan genocide - have been able to use networks in Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, and overseas in Europe and North America, to bolster their supply of arms and to recruit extra soldiers.
The report says Rwandan fighters continue to enjoy support from senior members of the Congolese military who are supposed to be opposing them.
This militia, known as the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), controls parts of the illegal trade in gold and tin, worth millions of dollars a year.
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The report says that former Rwandan-backed Congolese Tutsi rebels are operating as a parallel armed group, despite integrating with the national army.
It adds that they have expanded their influence throughout the region under the command of Bosco Ntaganda, and unleashed a wave of killings, rapes and looting within the framework of the military operation.
Known as "the Terminator", Gen Ntaganda is wanted by the International Criminal Court for alleged forced enrolment of child soldiers in 2002-2003.
He formerly served in a Tutsi-dominated rebel militia, the Congress for the Defence of the People, but joined the national army at the beginning of this year.
The report found that Gen Ntaganda's men were deployed in some of the region's most lucrative mining areas, which they now control.
The UN experts have found that some companies, already named in a report last year, continue to work against UN sanctions.
The report says that significant amounts of gold are being trafficked throughout the region, particularly through Uganda and Burundi and then sold to individuals in the United Arab Emirates.
The Group of Experts recognises that there may well be a contradiction in the mandate of Monuc, the UN peacekeeping force in the DR Congo.
They say it has to both protect civilians as well as back a military operation that has aggravated the humanitarian situation in eastern Congo.
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